「忘言」兩個字本來有一個出處，中國詩人作詩不僅跟自己生活結合在一起，還常常跟古人的經驗結合在一起。中國詩歌喜歡用典故，每一個典故都有一個出處，這樣一來，當他說的時候就會帶給讀者很多聯想。
「忘言」兩個字是出於〈莊子〉，莊子是中國戰國時代的一位大哲學家。在〈莊子外物篇〉中有這樣的話：「筌者所以在魚，得魚而忘荃；言者所以在意，得意而忘言。」
「筌」是一種捕魚用的蔞子，是專門用來捕魚的
，既然你把魚抓到了，這個作為工具用的簍子就不重要了；而語言是專門用來表達一個意思的，如果這個意思你已經懂了，領會了，那麼語言對你來說還有什麼意義呢？
這裏陶淵明說他在與大自然景物融合之中體味到了一種人生的意味，這時候他已經達到了一種「忘言」的境界；至於用什麼語言來說明這一切過程，已經不重要了。生活中經常會有這樣的情形，當你沒有得
到對一件事的真感受，真體驗時，你總是不停地說，可是當你真正得到的時候，你就不需要說了。所以陶淵明這時候要說「欲辨已忘言」。
好，我們上面把陶淵明這首詩與寒山的詩一比較
，你就明白一首好詩，特別是一首好的哲理詩，它在有哲理的同時，還要有詩意，還要有詩人用自己生活體驗出的哲理與大自然，或者人世間的物象組合在一起而產生的真切感受。我們說陶淵明的詩好，就好在他這樣做了，而且他是把這兩者結合得最好的典範。好，今天我們就講到這裏了。
待續 |
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'No words' is an allusion. When a Chinese
poet composes a poem, he usually infuses it with his own
life as well as the experiences of people from ancient
times. The Chinese use allusions, each with its own origin,
frequently in their poems. Thus when one reads their poems,
one is reminded of various related ideas.
'No words' originated from Zhuang Zi.
Zhuang Zi was a great philosopher during the War Period in
Chinese history. Zhuang Zi: The Outer Chapters says: "A
basket is for fishing; there is no need for a basket after
the fish are caught. Words are for expressing meaning; there
is no need for words after the meaning is grasped."
A basket is used for catching fish. It
becomes unimportant after you have captured the fish. Words
serve to express meaning. Once you have comprehended the
meaning, words are useless.
Tao Yuanming said that in the midst of
nature, he had savored the meaning of life; he reached the
state of wordlessness. At that point, it was not important
to utilize language to explain things. In our daily life, we
often come across this type of situation. When you actually
don't have any feeling about or experience of a matter, you
keep talking about it. But once you truly perceive the
meaning, you are at a loss for words. Thus Tao Yuanming
said, "No words can express …”
After comparing of Tao Yuanming's poem to
Han Shan's poem, you should understand that a good poem,
especially a good philosophical poem, always carries both
philosophy and poetic meaning, and the genuine feeling which
is the combination of a poet's own life experience and the
scenes of nature and the human world. Tao Yuanming's poems
are considered excellent because he was able to do that.
Furthermore, he provided us with a fine model. I will stop
here today.
~ To be continued
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