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《正法印》

 

PROPER DHARMA SEAL

大佛頂首楞嚴經淺釋
The Shurangama Sutra with Commentary

【 卷八 】 Roll Eight

宣化上人講 Commentary by the Venerable Master Hua
國際譯經學院記錄 Translated by the International Translation Institute
修訂版 Revised version

真得所如。十方無礙。名無縛解脫回向。

「真得所如」:這個真如,怎麼叫真如呢?就是真得所如了,真得到這個所 如了。真,就是一切真的;如,就是一個理,如如理。如如智契如如理,這叫真如,那麼這個如如智和如如理,都得到真的了,所以「十方無礙」:這時候你就是遊 歷十方諸佛國土,那麼也無障無礙,一點隔閡都沒有了。「名無縛解脫回向」:這個名字就叫無縛解脫回向,就沒有縛了。縛就是綁上了,沒有縛,就是得到自由 了;得到自由也就是解脫了,這就叫無縛解脫回向。

性德圓成。法界量滅。名法界無量回向。

「性德圓成」:在你這個性德沒有圓成,和法界沒有合成一體的時候,你這 不是法界量。你已經性德圓成了,和法界合成一體了,你還有一個法界量,有一個量,有一個數量,這還不是究竟。那麼現在「法界量滅」:這法界的量都滅了,沒 有了,根本法界都空了,「名法界無量回向」:這法界也沒有量了,這回向。

阿難。是善男子。盡是清淨。四十一心。次成四種妙圓加 行。

「阿難,是善男子」:前邊這個善男子,修行的這一類菩薩,這一類的人, 「盡是清淨」:都得到這個清淨了,「四十一心」:前邊那乾慧地,這是乾慧初心,又叫金剛初心,金剛心一個開始。由這個乾慧地,加上十信的位置、十住,又加 上十行、十回向,這是四十個。四十個心,加上一個乾慧地,這叫四十一心。在這四十一心的位置後邊,又「次成四種」:有四種「妙圓加行」:這叫妙圓加行位, 這個位也就是這個煖、頂、忍、世第一。

即以佛覺。用為己心。若出未出。猶如鑽火。欲然其木。 名為煖地。

現在所講的這一段文,就是四加行位的第一位。第一位就是煖位,怎麼叫煖 位呢?就好像那個鑽木取火一個樣子,將要出火還沒有出火,所以它就煖了,這個名字叫煖地。「即以佛覺」:就以佛這種的覺悟,「用為己心」:佛所覺悟的就和 自己所覺悟的,這是一樣的。那麼「若出未出」:就是言其這種覺悟的心,將要覺悟,而還沒有真正地覺悟,「猶如鑽火」:就好像什麼似的呢?就好像鑽木取火一 樣。鑽木取火,火若出來了,那就出了,就是開悟了。那麼「欲然其木」:將將地這個鑽木鑽得正熱了,這個木正要燒著的時候,這就有一種煖意,所以這個時候就 叫煖地。在前邊四十一心,加上這一個位子,這是四十二個位子。這叫煖地。

又以己心。成佛所履。若依非依。如登高山。身入虛空。 下有微礙。名為頂地。

前邊那個鑽木取火,這是個煖地;現在「又以己心」:以自己這個心,「成 佛所履」:和佛所行履的是一樣。前邊以佛覺用為己心,像鑽木取火似的;現在是用自己這個心,成佛所履,成就佛的行履,「若依非依」:好像有所依靠,非依, 而又無所依靠。又有一個比喻,比喻什麼呢?在這個位子上,就「如登高山」:就好像一個人上山一樣,上了高山。「身入虛空」:到那個山的上邊,身猶如在虛空 裡一樣,因為它高了,猶如虛空。「下有微礙」:腳下邊登著山,還有很少的這種阻礙,還沒有騰身虛空,所以「名為頂地」:這叫一個頂地,這是個頂位。頂,就 好像到那個山頂上一樣,到山頂上自己身入虛空,但是腳還是在地下沾著,所以這叫頂地。

(待續)


The true attainment of suchness, free of hindrance in the ten directions, is called the Transference of Unfettered Liberation.

The true attainment of suchness. What is meant by True Suchness? It means the true attainment of suchness. One truly obtains that which is thus. “True” refers to all truth. “Suchness” is a principle, the principle of the absolute. The concordance of the wisdom of the absolute and the principle of the absolute is called True Suchness. Now, the wisdom of the absolute and the principle of the absolute have been truly obtained, so one is free of hindrance in the ten directions. You can roam throughout the Buddhalands of the ten directions without any impediments or obstructions. There is no hindrance whatsoever. This is called the Transference of Unfettered Liberation. There are no more fetters. Fetters tie one up. Now all fetters are gone, so you are free. You are liberated. This is the Transference of Unfettered Liberation.

When the virtue of the nature is perfectly accomplished, the boundaries of the Dharma realm are destroyed. This is called the Transference of the Limitlessness of the Dharma Realm.

When the virtue of the nature is perfectly accomplished... Before the virtue of the nature is perfectly accomplished, before you have become one with the Dharma realm, your measure is not the measure of the Dharma realm. When the virtue of the nature has been perfectly accomplished and you become one with the Dharma realm, if you still have the notion of a limit, of a measure, then you have not yet reached the ultimate. Now, the limits of the Dharma realm are destroyed. The measure of the Dharma realm is wiped out and gone. In fact, the Dharma realm is empty. This is called the Transference of the Limitlessness of the Dharma Realm. In this transference, even the Dharma realm has no limit or measure.

Ananda, when these good men have attained purity in these forty-one minds, they further accomplish four kinds of wonderfully perfect additional practices.

Ananda, when these good men mentioned above, these Bodhisattvas who are cultivating, have attained purity in these forty-one minds…The level of dry wisdom is also called “the initial mind of dry wisdom” and “the initial vajra mind,” because the vajra mind is right at the beginning. Starting with this level of dry wisdom, we add the Ten Faiths, the Ten Dwellings, the Ten Conducts, and the Ten Transferences—these forty levels. These forty minds plus the level of dry wisdom comprise the forty-one minds. Following the positions of these forty-one minds, they further accomplish four kinds of wonderfully perfect additional practices. These are the positions of the wonderfully perfect additional practices; they are: heat, summit, patience, and first in the world.

He takes the Buddhas’ enlightenment as his own; it is on the verge of emerging but has not yet emerged. This can be compared to the point just before wood ignites when it is drilled to produce fire. It is called the Level of Heat.

This passage is describing the first of the positions of the four additional practices, the position of heat. What is the position of heat? It’s like when one is drilling wood to start a fire; at the point just before the wood ignites, it becomes heated. So this is called the Level of Heat. He takes the Buddhas’ enlightenment as his own. The Buddhas’ enlightenment and his own enlightenment are the same. It is on the verge of emerging but has not yet emerged. This means his mind is on the verge of enlightenment, but has not truly become enlightened yet. This can be compared to the point just before wood ignites when it is drilled to produce fire. What is this like? It’s like drilling wood to get fire. When the wood ignites, there is fire, and that represents enlightenment. When the wood is drilled until it is right on the point of bursting into flame, there is heat, and so it is called the Level of Heat. This position comes after the above forty-one minds. This is the forty-second position, and it is called the Level of Heat.

Further, he continues on with his mind, treading where the Buddhas tread, as if relying and yet not. It is as if he were climbing a lofty mountain, to the point where his body is in space but there remains a slight obstruction beneath him. This is called the Level of the Summit.

The previous analogy of drilling wood to produce fire was for the Level of Heat. Now, he continues on with his mind, treading where the Buddhas tread, as if relying and yet not. His own mind goes down the path the Buddhas take. In the previous case, he took the Buddhas’ enlightenment as his own, and it was like drilling wood to get fire. Now, with his own mind, he achieves the ground that the Buddhas walk on. He seems to be dependent and yet he is also independent. Another analogy is used here. What is it? In this position, it is as if he were climbing a lofty mountain to the point where his body is in space but there remains a slight obstruction beneath him. He is like someone climbing a mountain. When he gets to the top, it is as if he is in the air because he is so high up. But under his feet, as he stands on the mountain, there is still a slight hindrance. He still has not yet ascended into empty space.This is called the Level of the Summit. This is the position of the summit. It is like when one reaches the summit of a mountain, one’s body is in the air but one’s feet are still standing on the ground. Thus, this is called the Level of the Summit.

To be continued

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