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《專題/佛教與心理學》

 

SPECIAL SECTION/BUDDHISM AND PSYCHOLOGY

一境不住任逍遙
Not Dwelling in a Single State,
Be Free and at Ease

恆德師
Master Heng Der

一切眾生都希望得到安樂,都不希望遭受痛苦及種種煩惱,那麼怎麼樣能夠離苦得樂呢?佛法就是最好的妙藥。佛說一切法,是因為眾生有種種的心--這些心就是妄想、執著,也是煩惱、痛苦的因。所以我們能夠好好的學習佛法,就能夠治療我們這些種種的心。

在佛教裡面有首很有名的偈頌:「若人欲了知,三世一切佛,應觀法界性,一切唯心造。」我們要成佛、做人,或者轉畜生,乃至墮地獄,都是因為這顆心。如果我們能夠善用這顆心,那麼我們就會往上升,到頂點就是成佛。

如果我們不會用這顆心,那麼胡作胡為、錯因果,那麼就會遭受種種痛苦,乃至墮地獄,無量劫都沒有出期。所以我們要想滅除這些痛苦煩惱,就要先把我們的心調整好,要培養我們的正知正見。如果我們的知見是邪知邪見的話,那麼我們所造出來的業就是不好的業,就會受種種的痛苦、折磨。有首偈頌可以幫助我們怎樣來處理我們的心:
本來清淨快樂境,
妄想執著起煩惱;
煩惱本無自己找,
一境不住任逍遙。

只要我們在日常生活中依據這首偈頌來躬身力行,那麼自然就能離苦得樂。佛法很強調實踐,如果單單學習認知名相,那是數佛的珍寶,自己本身不能得到真正的利益。所以在學習佛法的當中就需要懂得怎樣躬行履踐,那麼就能夠真正得到學佛法的好處。

All living beings hope for peace and happiness; none of them like to encounter suffering and have afflictions. Then what should one do to leave suffering and attain bliss? The Buddhadharma is the best and most wonderful medicine. The Buddha spoke all Dharmas for all the different thoughts of the living beings--for their false thoughts and attachments, which are the cause for afflictions and suffering. If we can do a good job of learning the Buddhadharma, we can cure these various mental states.

There is a well-known verse in Buddhism:

If one wants to know
The Buddhas of the three periods of time,
One should contemplate the nature of the Dharma Realm:
Everything is made from the mind alone.

The reason we become Buddhas, people, or animals, or fall into the hells, is entirely because of the mind. If we can use the mind well, then we will ascend. When we ascend to the utmost, we become Buddhas.

If we don't know how to use the mind, then we may do stupid things, make mistakes in cause and effect, and incur all kinds of suffering, or even fall into the hells and be unable to get out for measureless kalpas (eons). Should we want to extinguish these sufferings and afflictions, we should regulate our minds and develop proper knowledge and views. If our knowledge and views are deviant and evil, then the karma we create will be bad karma and we will receive all kinds of suffering and harassment. There is a verse which teaches us how to handle our minds:

Originally pure and clean, it dwells in the state of happiness.
Due to false thoughts and attachments, afflictions thus arise.
Afflictions basically don't exist, but we bring them on ourselves.
Not dwelling in a single state, be free and at ease.

As long as we practice according to this verse in our daily lives, we will naturally leave suffering and attain bliss. Buddhadharma stresses practice. If one just studies all the terminology of Buddhism, one is just counting the Buddha's treasures. No true benefit will be attained. Therefore, in the process of learning the Buddhadharma, we must understand how to apply it so that we will genuinely obtain the benefit of learning Buddhism.

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