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《教育專欄》

 

Focus on Education

教育始於胎教
Education Begins in the Prenatal Period

□  宣公上人開示於一九八八年十月二十五日
A Dharma Talk by the Venerable Master Hua on October 25, 1988
□  須一    記錄    Transcribed by Xu Yi

各位善知識,今天大家聚會到這一個大的堂裡邊,共同談一談教育的問題。教育是人人的根本,若把這根本問題忽略了,那就叫捨本逐末,捨近求遠。

人格的形成受母親的影響

教育是由有生以來,耳濡目染影響的,形成我們人一生的行為,所謂「近朱者赤,近墨者黑,染於蒼則蒼,染於黃則黃。」教育的問題,甚至於可以這麼說,不單生出後做人受教育。就是沒生出以前,在母親的腹裡,已經就接受教育了。當小孩子在母親腹裡的時候,這個母親如果是有學識的,也會影響這個小孩子很聰明,很有學問的。母親懷著子女的時候,如果是愛發脾氣,出生的小孩子脾氣一定很大的。母親非常剛強,不接受任何人的勸告,這個小孩子生出來也一定非常剛強,不聽任何人的勸告,自己有自己的主宰,不是一般人所能左右的。所以胎教非常重要。

孕婦須懂胎教

女人為國民之母,為國家的根本,所有的女人都應該會教育兒童,在懷孕的時候,就懂得胎教。這時候也不應該爭,也不應該貪,也不應該妄求,也不應該那麼自私,也不應該那麼自利,也不應該打妄語。因為你打妄語,有爭、貪、求、自私自利這些行為,就影響胎兒也有這種心理,所以就不會在社會上做一個良好的國民。因為這個,所以父母於懷孕的期間,就應該特別注意教育。

父母要以教育子女為當務之急

趕在小孩子生出來了,做父母的一定要給子女做個好榜樣,不要那麼爭啊!吵啊!自私自利、貪、求、打妄語啊!如果你有這樣的行為,那子女是見到什麼,就會學什麼。譬如大人會講話,小孩子也一點一點就會講話了。他受這種的影響力是很大的。所以做父母的不能說能養子女,不能教子女。你能養子女,那是幫助國家生一個國民了;可是你不能教養子女,這是沒有負起對國家、對社會的關心。你沒把你生出的子女教育好,令他做一個問題兒童,甚至於危害社會國家,這都是做父母的要負的責任。

所以做父母的,要以教育子女為當務之急,不要把去賺錢,去搞名搞利,做為第一了。應該以教育子女,做為最要緊的一件事情。你若是把子女教育好了,比你為他賺多少錢都有價值;因為他知道怎麼樣做人,怎麼樣愛惜身體了。所以子女在家庭,還沒有入學的這個階段,教育的責任是父母的。

老師要教學生敦品立德

那麼等到他一踏入學校,學校做人師表的,應該要以身作則,影響得學生儘量知道怎麼樣敦品立德,怎麼樣能孝順父母,尊敬長上。一開始的時候,要教他孝道。萬佛聖城的小學,儘量灌輸小學生孝順父母:在家裡要替父母工作,也要順承父母的意思。所以萬佛聖城的小學生回到家裡,他的父母都非常滿意的。

老師以「得天下英才而教育之」做自己真正的天職義務,就應該負起教育一般人的子女這種的責任,令他不抽煙,不喝酒,不吸毒,不男女不守規矩,應該在這個地方著手。

All Good and Wise Advisors: Today we have gathered together in this great hall to discuss the matter of education. Education is everyone's roots. If we ignore this basic matter, then we are renouncing the roots to chase the branchtips, overlooking what is near to seek afar.

A Child's Character Develops under His Mother's Influence

Education includes all the influences we have received through sight and hearing since the time of birth, molding our life behavior patterns. As it is said, "Those who draw near rouge turn red, and those who draw near ink turn black. Those who are dyed green become green, and those who are dyed yellow become yellow." It can even be said that not only do we receive education after we are born, we are already being educated while in the womb. When the baby is in the womb, if the mother is very learned, then she will influence her baby to be intelligent and knowledgeable, too. If the mother often loses her temper during the pregnancy, then she will give birth to a baby with a big temper. If the mother is very stubborn and doesn't listen to others' advice, her baby will also be extremely obstinate, not listening to anyone's instructions. He has his own will, and people will hardly be able to influence him. Therefore, prenatal education is extremely important.

Expectant Mothers Should Understand Prenatal Education

Women are mothers of the citizens, and the source of the country. All women should know how to teach children, and should also understand the influence of prenatal education during their pregnancy. During this period, one should not contend, be greedy, seek, be selfish, pursue personal benefit, or tell lies. If you tell lies, contend, are greedy, seek outside, are selfish, or pursue personal benefit, then you will influence the baby to have that kind of mental state, and he will not grow up to be a good citizen in society. Therefore, parents should pay special attention to educating the baby during the pregnancy.

The Top Priority of Parents Is to Educate Their Children

After a child is born, the parents should act as his role models. Don't contend or quarrel. Don't be selfish, don't pursue personal gain, don't be greedy, don't seek, and don't tell lies. Otherwise, the children will see and learn those kinds of behavior from you. For instance, children gradually learn how to talk by imitating grownups. The children are seriously influenced by those around them. Therefore, it should not be the case that parents only give birth to their children, but do not know how to educate them. By giving birth to a child, you have given the country one more citizen. However, if you don't educate him, then you haven't shown any concern for the well-being of the country and society. If you don't educate the child you gave birth to, then he may become a problem child who opposes and harms the society and country. In this case, the parents must take the responsiblity.

Therefore, the top priority of parents should be to educate their children, rather than make money or pursue fame and profit. They should see teaching their children as the most important matter. If you teach your children well, then you have done something more worthwhile than making any amount of money, because your children will know how to be good people and how to cherish their bodies. Before the children start going to school, the responsibility of educating them lies with the parents.

Teachers Should Teach Students to Be Trustworthy and Virtuous

Once children enter school, the teachers must set a good example with their own actions, and influence them so that they know to be trustworthy and virtuous, filial to their parents and respectful to elders. Start by teaching them the way of filial piety. The elementary school at the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas encourages the younger students to be filial to their parents: to work for their parents at home and obey their parents' wishes. Therefore, when the students go home, their parents are all very pleased with them.

Since the mission of teachers is to "educate the talented ones of the world," they should take the responsibility of teaching children not to smoke, drink, take drugs, or behave improperly with those of the opposite sex. These are the points they should work on.

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