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SANSKRIT LESSON

by Bhikshuni Heng Hsien
Continued from Issue 99

punaraparam sariputra tatra buiddhaksetre nityapravaditani divyani turyani suvarnavarna ca mahaprthivi ramaniya/

"Moreover, Sariputra in that Buddhaland divine musical instruments constantly sound forth, and the great earth is gold in color, delightful."

Sakyamuni Buddha now begins to describe a different aspect of the Land of Happiness (Sukhavati) to his disciple Sariputra and so says punaraparam "furthermore" tatra "in that" Buddhaksetre Buddhaland nityapravaditani "constantly sound forth" divyani "divine" turyani "musical instruments". In nityapravaditani, nitya, the adjective meaning "constant/eternal/continual" is used adverbially as the first member of the compound, and so translates "constantly." nitya is combined with pravadita "sound(ed) forth," perfect passive participle from the root vad- "speak/sound" plus prefix pro- "forth," pravaditani, which literally translated would read "(are) sounded forth," is nominative plural neuter agreeing with turyani "musical instruments" (stem form turya, a neuter noun). The turyani are further characterized as divyani "divine" (stem form divya, an adjective)

ca "and," i.e. besides there being heavenly music, the maha "great" (adjective in compound) prthvi "earth" (a feminine noun, here nominative singular; the stem form is identical) is suvarnavarna "gold in color," ramaniya "delightful." suvarnavarna is a possessive adjective compound modifying mahaprthivi and so nominative singular feminine. The masculine noun varna means "color," and the adjective suvarna, literally "of good (su) color (varna) also means "golden." just as the neuter noun suvarna meant "gold." The earth is said to have or possess "color" (varna) which is "golden" (suvarna), and so is "gold in color" (suvarnavarna). Note that ramaniya "delightful, gerundive from root ram- "enjoy/take pleasure/delight in" — literally "to be enjoyed/delighted in "—also ends in long -a, the feminine ending in this case and number for adjectives whose stems are in short -a, even though the feminine noun prthivi ends in long -i. The meaning is that it is truly a pleasure and delightful to behold what in the Saha world is ordinary dirt— for in Amitabha Buddha's Buddhaland it looks just like gold!

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