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弟子规浅释
Standards for Students

孙果秀注释 Explained by Jennifer Lin

目录

第三章:悌

Chapter Three: FRATERNITY

兄道友,弟道恭,兄弟睦,孝在中。
财物轻,怨何生,言语忍,忿自泯。
或饮食,或坐走,长者先,幼者后。
长呼人,即代叫,人不在,己先到。
称尊长,勿呼名,对尊长,勿见能。
路遇长,疾趋揖,长无言,退恭立。
骑下马,乘下车,过犹待,百步余。
长者立,幼勿坐,长者坐,命乃坐。
尊长前,声要低,低不闻,却非宜。
事诸父,如事父,事诸兄,如事兄。

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zhang

hu

ren

 

ji

dai

jiao

长辈

叫唤

他人

 

就、立刻

叫唤

elder

to call

someone

then; immediately

do things for others

to call

如果长辈叫唤他人,应该立刻替长辈去叫。
If an elder is looking for someone, we should look for that person for him.

ren

bu

zai

 

ji

xian

dao

他人

在那里

 

自己

在先的

到前面

someone

not

there

self

first

to go to

若是长辈要找的人不在,自己就先到长辈面前应答。
If the person they want is not there, we should first respond to the call.

曾子谈论孔子的道是:“夫子之道,忠恕而已矣。”所谓“忠”,就是“尽己”,凡事有始有终,这是敬慎心,也就是平等心。所谓“恕”,就是“己所不欲,勿施于人”;这是体谅心,也就是大悲心。要想拥有这些美好的道德,必须自小在家庭生活中培养起。

 

In speaking of the doctrine of Confucius, Zeng Zi said, "The doctrine of our teacher is simply loyalty and forgiveness." Loyalty means to do one's best. We must finish whatever we start. It also means having a cautious and respectful attitude, and an attitude of fairness and equality. Forgiveness means not doing to others what you wouldn't want done to yourself. This is an attitude of considering others' feelings, and is therefore great compassion. To have these good virtues, one must start developing them at home when one is young.

譬如这里所说的,替长辈叫人,就可以训练孩子对人对事的敬慎心。怎么说呢?长辈一定是有事,才须要找人去;“有事弟子服其劳”,我们当然应该代他去把人找来。万一要找的人不在,我们若不去回覆,长辈就会在那儿苦等,这样我们岂不是很没责任感吗 ?所以要有头有尾地完成这件事,不但去回覆长辈,更要进一步请问有没有自己可以代为效劳的。这种对人对事的敬慎心,就是培养我们的责任感。一个有责任感的人,遇事不会漠不关心或虎头蛇尾,所以也是个可以付托重任的人。这便是“忠”的精神!不要以为叫叫人只是小事,大道德原都是自微细处实行起的。

 

For example, running errands for our elders can train us to be cautious and respectful in handling business. Why? Our elders must have urgent business to take care of when they call for someone. "When there's a task to be done, we as disciples should help out," so of course we must go and find the person they want to see. If the person we are looking for cannot be found and we don't go back to report to our elders, they will be there waiting and will be very worried. Wouldn't that be irresponsible on our part? So we must finish the errand completely. Not only should we go back to tell our elders that we can't find the person, we must ask further if they have anything else we can do. This kind of careful respect will help us to develop a sense of responsibility. A responsible person will not handle matters as if he didn't care, nor will he start out with big plans but end up doing very little. He is someone who can take on heavy responsibilities. This is the spirit of loyalty. Do not think that running errands for people is a petty chore; great virtues all begin with the practice of small deeds.

不直呼长辈的名字,也是一种敬慎的表现。现代的孩子,不但对兄姐直呼其名,对父母长辈也直呼其名;美其名曰缩短人际距离,其实已开了长幼无序的大门。长幼无序的结果怎样呢?孩子小时,对父母就狎昵而不知恭敬;稍长,父母稍不满他的愿,就会认为父母不再关心他;长大后,自然动辄忤逆反抗,成为一个不孝子。是故当孩子小时,做父母的若不能以恭敬兄长来要求他,甚至对他不礼貌的言语举止,还以为逗笑可爱,日后就不免要尝到气恼伤心的滋味了!

 

Not calling elders by their first name is also a sign of cautiousness and respect. Children nowadays not only call their elder brothers and sisters by their first names, but also call their parents and elders by name. Some people defend this trend, saying that it lessens the distance between people, but in actuality it is opening the door to there being no distinction between elders and children. What is the result of all this? Children will become too familiar with their parents when they are little, and will not know to respect their parents. When children reach their pre-teens, if the parents do not fulfill their wishes, they will feel that their parents don't care about them anymore. When they grow up they will rebel and become unfilial children. Therefore when children are young, if the parents do not require them to respect their elder brothers and sisters, and merely think they are kidding and are cute when they speak and act with bad manners, later on the parents will experience anger. 

 

那么又为什么在长辈面前不该卖弄自己的本事呢?俗话说:“逢人但说三分话。” 又说:“匹夫无罪,怀璧其罪。”不卖弄自己的本事,可以免去他人嫉害,不但对自己是一种保护,而且对人更是一种慈悲。试想想看:如果换了是别人在我们不能的事情上炫耀,我们是不是也很难堪呀?所以从这小事做起,可以长养慈悲心,学会体谅人,这就是恕道!

 

Why shouldn't we exceedingly show off ourselves in front of the elders? There is a saying which reads, "One should only reveal 30% of himself", and another which reads, "It is not the one that hides the treasure who is to be blamed, but the treasure that is hidden by him that is to be blamed." We will cause less jealousy if we do not show off ourselves. It is not only to protect ourselves, but also to show compassion towards others. Just imagine, if someone tries to boast about himself regarding things that we are unable to do, we will we feel intimidated or embarrassed. From these small gestures, we can start to nurture a compassionate mind and learn to be considerate of others. This is "forgiveness."

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